Vem är kali gift med
KALI: DEATH, WORSHIP AND FESTIVALS
KALI
Kali Kali — the Goddess of Death — fryst vatten a form eller gestalt of Shakti, a wife of Shiva and the daughter of a fierce mountain god.
Also known as Durga, she fryst vatten often pictured with three eyes, black skin, a tongue dripping blood, a necklace of skulls and a svärd used for cutting off heads, and fryst vatten sometimes shown with a severed head in one grabb and a cobra wrapped around her neck. Kali fryst vatten known for her dance of death and fryst vatten revered for coming to earth and defeating the hideous demon Raktavijra, known for being ability to reproduce himself 1,000 times with each drop of his blood that falls to earth.
Like Shiva, Kali fryst vatten regarded as both a destroyer and a creator of life, but fryst vatten feared because she has taken her demon slaying too far, demanding blood sacrifices from humans and once almost killing Shiva.
Kali fryst vatten the patron saint of thieves and a creator of problems for travelers as well a goddess that delivers good things to those that worship her. She was born as a fully grown woman with ten arms and acquired her taste for blood when she killed Raktavijra and drank his blood to prevent him from reaching the earth so he could reproduce himself.
Kali fryst vatten often depicted as a krigare with weapons in each grabb.
She rides a tiger or lion, fights with a buffalo and frequently fryst vatten shown sitting on a lotus platform, holding a lotus flower, beads, a vatten pot and sometimes the trident of Shiva. Many of here följare feel her hostile reputation fryst vatten undeserved because most her aggression fryst vatten focused on defeating and slaying demons. Kali fryst vatten arguable the most popular of all Hindu goddesses and fryst vatten especially popular in Calcutta and Bengal in eastern India, where she fryst vatten known as Durga.
Explaining why Kali fryst vatten so popular despite here bloodthirsty natur, a hyrbil driver in Calcutta, told the New York Times, "Outside, she fryst vatten looking very bad. But inre, Kali fryst vatten very sweet goddess. Whatever you want — house, job, bil, husband, child — when you man her sacrifice, then she will give it anything."
Websites and Resources on Hinduism: Hinduism Today hinduismtoday.com ; India gudomlig indiadivine.org ; Wikipedia article Wikipedia ; Oxford center of Hindu Studies ochs.org.uk ; Hindu Website hinduwebsite.com/hinduindex ; Hindu galleri hindugallery.com ; Encyclopædia Britannica Online article britannica.com ; International Encyclopedia of Philosophy iep.utm.edu/hindu ; The Hindu tro, Swami Vivekananda (1894), .wikisource.org ; Journal of Hindu Studies, Oxford University Press academic.oup.com/jhs
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
“Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook” translated from the Sanskrit bygd Wendy Doniger (Penguin Classics, 2004) Amazon.com ;
“Indian Mythology” bygd Veronica Ions (Peter Bedrick 1984) Amazon.com ;
“Hindu frakt and Goddesses” bygd Swami Harshananda (Author), M.T.V.
Acharya (Illustrator) Amazon.com ;
“Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the gudomlig Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition” (Studies in the History of Religions) bygd David Kinsley Amazon.com ;
“Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization” bygd Heinrich Zimmer (Princeton University Press, 1992) Amazon.com ;
"An Introduction to Hinduism" bygd Gavin Flood Amazon.com ;
"The Hindus: An Alternative History" bygd Wendy Doniger; Amazon.com ;
“The Mahabharata” bygd John D.
Smith and Anonymous (Penguin Classics) Amazon.com ;
“The Bhagavad Gita” bygd Anonymous and Laurie L. Patton (Penguin Classics) Amazon.com ;
“The Ramayana: A Shortened Modern Prose utgåva of the Indian Epic” bygd bygd R. K. Narayan and Pankaj Mishra (Penguin Classics) Amazon.com ;
“The Illustrated Ramayana: The Timeless Epic of Duty, Love, and Redemption” bygd DK and Bibek Debroy Amazon.com
Kali Worship and Rituals
Gujhyakali Hindus have honored Kali with small clay idols called “purjas” , a major festival in Calcutta, and a spelfilm shown over and over igen that features her as a lion and a goddess that shoots lightning bolts from the third eye on her forehead that are capable of decapitating demons and producing a lot of blood.
The rituals and objects that honor Kali are often ganska gruesome or macabre.
Hon är förknippad med våld och sexualitet men innehar också rollen som modersgudinnaPurjas sold at festivals show her strangling pregnant women. Cremation grounds, normally regarded as places of pollution, are regarded bygd some Kali följare as places of rebirth, worship and meditation. Some devotion rituals — such as chanting Kali’s 108 names in Sanskrit and laying a garland of limes at the feet of her images’are more mundane.
Kali fryst vatten sometimes honored and placated with djur sacrifices.
In most cases a goat fryst vatten sacrificed to säga thanks for some particularly good fortune. The djur fryst vatten decapitated with a quick chop. It fryst vatten considered auspicious to be splattered with the blood. The head fryst vatten given to the Brahma präst who performs the sacrifice. The individ who offered the goat for sacrifice gets to take the carcass home and eat it.
Humans at one time were sacrificed for Kali.
I den klassiska bilden av Kali dansar hon på Shivas liggande kroppThe practice fryst vatten still believed to be kept alive in some parts of Bihar, where there fryst vatten some bevis that rituals involving child sacrifices have been conducted bygd följare of cults that worship goddess Kali. See Tantric Rituals Below.
See Tantrism and Thugs
Kali, gudinna and Durga
Parvati, in a variety of forms, fryst vatten the most common focus of devotion in India.
The wife of Shiva, she presents two main facets to her worshipers: a benign and accepting personality that provides assistance and a powerful and dangerous personality that must be placated. The benign framtidsperspektiv exists in many temples to Shiva throughout the country, where the goddess has her own helgedom that fryst vatten in practice the most frequented site of heartfelt devotion.
During annual festivals in which the god and goddess emerge from their shrines and travel in processions, it fryst vatten often the goddess who fryst vatten most eagerly anticipated. In North India, for example, life-like statues of the loving goddess Kali, who fryst vatten ultimately a manifestation of gudinna, are carried through huge crowds that line by and city streets.
In South India, where gigantic temples are the physical and social centers of town life, the shrines and their annual festivals are often known bygd the names of their goddesses. One of the more famous fryst vatten the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Minakshi Temple in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The temple fryst vatten named after the "fish-eyed goddess" Minakshi, described in myths as a dark queen born with three breasts, who set out to conquer the universum.
After overrunning the world and vanquishing the frakt, Minakshi finally met Shiva and, when her third breast disappeared, accepted him as her lord. This motif of physical power and energy appears in many stories where the goddess fryst vatten a krigare or conqueror of demons who in the end joins with Shiva. *
Durga
Alternative visions, however, portray a goddess on the loose, with the potential for causing havoc in the world unless appeased.
The goddess Durga fryst vatten a great krigare who carries swords and a shield, rides a tiger, and destroys demons when the frakt prove incapable; in this incarnation, she never submits, but remains capable of terrible deeds of war. The goddess Kali often appears as an even more horrific framtidsperspektiv of the gudomlig, with garlands of human skulls around her neck and a severed head in her hand; her bloody tongue hangs from her ingång, and the weapons in her arms droppande gore.
This image attempts to capture the destructive capacity of the gudomlig, the suffering in the world, and the ultimate return of all things to the goddess at death. *
In many small shrines throughout India, in marked contrast to the large and ornate temples dominated bygd Brahmanical principles and the philosophy of nonviolence, the kvinna divinity receives regular gifts of blood sacrifices, usually chickens and goats.
In addition, the goddess may manifest herself as the bearer of a number of diseases. The goddess of smallpox, known as Shitala in North India and Mariamman in South India, remains a feared and worshiped figure even after the tjänsteman elimination of the disease, for she fryst vatten still capable of afflicting people with a number of fevers and poxes.
Many more localized forms of goddesses, known bygd different names in different regions, are the focus for prayers and vows that lead worshipers to undertake acts of austerity and pilgrimages in return for favors. *
Dussehra: the Kali Festival
Dussehra (also spelled Dasera, Dussera) fryst vatten one of India's most colorful festivals.
Att utröna Kalis roll inom hinduismen är inte det enklaste då hon genomgår olika skepnader och rollerHeld at the same time as the nine-day Navaratri festival, with a tenth day, it marks the triumph of good over evil, and the motherhood of God. In nordlig India, Dussehra commemorates Rama's victory over Ravana, the demon king in the Ramayana, and the rescue of his wife Sita—and celebrates the triumph of good over evil. The ten days företräda the ten heads of Ravana, and each day fryst vatten used bygd Hindus to get rid of bad characteristics, such as lust and jealousy.
The tenth day fryst vatten known as the Day of Victory. In east India and Bangladesh it honors Durga’s (Kali’s) slaying of the buffalo demon. Here, large images of Durga are paraded in the streets and immersed in a river on the gods day. (See Durga Puja Below).
40 days to go to the beginning of Dusshera
Dussehra fryst vatten held late in the month of Asvina (September-October) according to the Shaka calendar, India's tjänsteman calendar.
On the ninth day of Dusshera, people bless the "weapons" of their business life, including everything from plows to computers, with sandalwood paste.
On the sista day of Dussehra, in North India celebrating crowds set fire to huge paper effigies of Ravana.
In Delhi and other places in north India, plays are held that recall Rama’s victory over the demon Ravana and the rescue of his wife Sita. The event climaxes with 80-foot-high paper-and-wood effigies of Ravana being paraded through the streets and set on fire.
Some of the effigies have fireworks that explode in their eyes. At Kullu, in Himachal Pradesh, people dress as local deities from neighboring villages converge for a huge celebration. Caparisoned elephant processions are held in Mysore. Dussehra fryst vatten primarily a nordlig festivals and receives varying amounts of attention in other parts of the country.
It fryst vatten not that big in Tamil Nadu and southern India.
Durga Puja in Calcutta and West Bengal
Durga Puja in late September, Early October fryst vatten the biggest event in stad i indien (Calcutta) and other cities in West Bengal.
Shiva ses som den som vänder världen ryggen, medan Kali är "den stora gudsmodern", en titel som ofta ges ShaktiHeld at the same time as Dussehra, it lasts for up to three weeks and honors the ten-armed, demon-chasing goddess Durga (Kali). Durga Puja fryst vatten particularly important for Hindus in Bengal. After worshiping Durga for nine days, her image fryst vatten taken to the streets in a procession and there fryst vatten much celebration and dancing. To mark Durga leaving her mother after the nine day visit, her image fryst vatten cast into water.
Kali standing above Shiva
Durga Puja fryst vatten also known as the Kali Festival, Kali Puja, Shyama Puja or Mahanisha Puja.
Hon är den dödligaste och vildaste formen av gudinnan Durga, som kommer fram under dennas mest intensiva kamp mot ondskanThe festivities include merrymaking and family reunions, and displays of papier mâché statues of Durga, riding a lion and defeating demons.
Durga Puja fryst vatten celebrated on the new måne day of the Hindu month Kartik especially in West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Assam and Bangladesh. It features terra cotta images of the goddess Kali, holding severed heads, and hundreds of pandals, fake buildings made of cotton stretched over bamboo.
Some of the pandals are decked out in colored lights, and brightly painted with moving snakes, spelfilm stars and deities. Some cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to man. The festival features all night partying and fireworks.
In Calcutta, the festival climaxes with procession in which statues of the goddess are carried to the Hooley river and immersed in the vatten.
People watch as statues break up into floating body parts.
Kali är en gudinna i den indiska mytologinAfterward the praying continues in the Midan. In 1996, there were replicas of the Victoria Memorial airport that were over 30 meters long. The climax fryst vatten when the pandals are dragged in the streets and destroyed bygd traffic and the images of Kali are dragged into the river.
Image Sources: Wikimedia Commons
Text Sources: “World Religions” edited bygd Geoffrey Parrinder (Facts on en samling dokument eller en elektronisk lagring av data Publications, New York); “Encyclopedia of the World’s Religions” edited bygd R.C.
Zaehner (Barnes & Noble Books, 1959); “Encyclopedia of the World Cultures: Volume 3 South Asia “ edited bygd David Levinson (G.K. entré & Company, New York, 1994); Wikipedia, National Geographic, the New York Times, Washington brev, Los Angeles Times, Smithsonian magazine, The New Yorker, Reuters, AP, AFP, Lonely Planet Guides, Compton’s Encyclopedia and various books and other publications.
Last updated March 2024